The Social Life Of Small Urban Spaces William Whyte Pdf Download
William H. (Holly) Whyte (1917-1999) is the mentor of Project for Public Spaces because of his seminal piece of work in the study of man behavior in urban settings. While working with the New York City Planning Commission in 1969, Whyte began to wonder how newly planned city spaces were actually working out - something that no one had previously researched. This curiosity led to the Street Life Project, a pioneering study of pedestrian behavior and city dynamics.
PPS founder and president Fred Kent worked as 1 of Whyte's research administration on the Street Life Project, conducting observations and pic analyses of corporate plazas, urban streets, parks, and other open spaces in New York City. When Kent founded PPS before long thereafter, he based the organisation largely on Whyte'due south methods and findings. More anything, Whyte believed in the perseverance and sanctity of public spaces. For him, small urban places are "priceless," and the city street is "the river of life...where nosotros come together." Whyte's ideas are equally relevant today as they were over 30 years ago, and perhaps even more than then.
Biography
Whyte was born in Westward Chester, Pennsylvania, in 1917. Post-obit his graduating from Princeton Academy and service in the Marine Corps, he joined the staff of Fortune magazine in 1946. After his book The Organization Man (1956), which was based on his manufactures nigh corporate civilisation and the suburban center class, sold over ii one thousand thousand copies, Whyte turned to issues of sprawl and urban revitalization, which laid the ground for his distinguished career as a sage of sane development and an advocate of cities.
In 1969, Whyte assisted the New York Urban center Planning Committee in drafting a comprehensive programme for the city. Dedicated to documenting the progress of recently planned urban spaces, he received a grant to study the street life of New York and other cities in what became known as the Street Life Project. Along with a group of young research assistants, and with camera and notebook in manus, he conducted pioneering inquiry on pedestrian behavior and city dynamics.
All told, Whyte walked the metropolis streets for more than than sixteen years. As unobtrusively as possible, he watched people and used time-lapse photography to chart the meanderings of pedestrians. What emerged through his intuitive analysis is an extremely human, ofttimes amusing view of what is staggeringly obvious, simply ofttimes goes unnoticed, almost people's beliefs in public spaces.
While the cadre of Whyte'due south piece of work was predicated on the years he spent on direct observation, he authored several texts about urban planning, design, and human behavior in various urban settings, including:The Exploding Metropolis (1958); Cluster Development (1964); The Last Landscape (1968); The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces (1980); andUrban center: Rediscovery of the Center (1988). Whyte served as an advisor to Laurence Due south. Rockefeller on ecology issues and as a key planning consultant for major U.S. cities, traveling and lecturing widely. He was a Distinguished Professor at Hunter College of the City University of New York and a trustee of the American Conservation Association, and he was active in the Municipal Art Club, the Hudson River Valley Commission, and President Lyndon B. Johnson's Chore Force on Natural Beauty.
Perspectives
The Social Life of Public Spaces. Whyte wrote that the social life in public spaces contributes fundamentally to the quality of life of individuals and society as a whole. He believed that we take a moral responsibleness to create physical places that facilitate civic engagement and customs interaction.
Bottom-Upward Identify Pattern. Whyte advocated for a new way of designing public spaces - one that was bottom-upwardly, not top-down. Using his arroyo, design should start with a thorough understanding of the way people use spaces, and the style they would similar to utilize spaces. Whyte noted that people vote with their feet - they utilize spaces that are easy to apply, that are comfy. They don't utilise the spaces that are not.
The Power of Ascertainment. By observing and by talking to people, Whyte believed, we tin learn a great bargain near what people want in public spaces and tin put this knowledge to work in creating places that shape livable communities. Nosotros should therefore enter spaces without theoretical or aesthetic biases, and nosotros should "look difficult, with a make clean, clear mind, and then look once more - and believe what yous see."
Quotable
"What attracts people most, it would appear, is other people."
"One felicity leads to some other. Good places tend to exist all of a piece - and the reason can almost always exist traced to a human being."
"It is difficult to blueprint a space that will non attract people. What is remarkable is how ofttimes this has been achieved."
"We are not hapless beings defenseless in the grip of forces we can do picayune almost, and wholesale damnations of our society only lend a further mystique to organization. Organization has been made by man; it tin be changed by man."
"The street is the river of life of the city, the place where nosotros come together, the pathway to the center."
"If there's a lesson in streetwatching information technology is that people do like basics -- and as environments go, a street that is open to the sky and filled with people and life is a splendid place to be."
"The human backside is a dimension architects seem to have forgotten."
"Up to seven people per foot of walkway a minute is a nice bustle"
"There is a rash of studies underway designed to uncover the bad consequences of overcrowding. This is all very well as far as it goes, but it only goes in one management. What about undercrowding? The researchers would be a lot more objective if they paid every bit much attention to the possible effects on people of relative isolation and lack of propinquity. Perchance some of those rats they study go lone also."
"So-called 'undesirables' are not the problem. It is the measures taken to combat them that is the problem."
"I end then in praise of pocket-size spaces. The multiplier outcome is tremendous. It is not but the number of people using them, only the larger number who pass by and enjoy them vicariously, or fifty-fifty the larger number who feel improve near the metropolis center for knowledge of them. For a city, such places are priceless, whatever the cost. They are built of a set of basics and they are right in front end of our noses. If we will wait."
Accolades
"Whyte's work remains a living and usable handbook for improving our cities, our countryside, and our lives." - Nathan Glazer, Wilson Quarterly
"Holly always believed that the greatest lesson the city has to offer us is the thought that we are all in information technology together, for ameliorate or for worse, and we have to make it work." -Paul Goldberger,Architecture Magazine
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